Children’s Color Trails Test™ (CCTT™)

Antolin M. Llorente, Ph.D., Jane Williams, Ph.D., Paul Satz, Ph.D. & Louis F. D’Elia, Ph.D.

The Children’s Color Trails Test (CCTT) was developed to meet the increasing need for a children’s instrument to assess sustained attention, sequencing, and other executive functions while reducing reliance on language and diminishing the effects of cultural bias and parental verbal report. The CCTT retains many similarities to the original children’s version of the Trail Making Test (TMT), but substitutes the use of color for the use of letters from the English alphabet, thereby increasing the suitability of the test within cross-cultural contexts and with other special needs populations.

The test can be administered using nonverbal instructions if necessary.

Norms

Normative data were collected from 678 healthy children ages 8 to 16 years; normative data were also collected from more than 500 children from various clinical groups that participated in the CCTT validation studies.

Reliability--Alternate-form reliability between Form K and Form X for the CCTT-1 and the CCTT-2 was .85 and .90, respectively. Time raw scores for the CCTT-1 and CCTT-2 exhibited good temporal clinical stability ranging from .90-.99 across various time intervals.

Validity--Demonstrates a good level of convergent validity with the Children’s Trail Making Test and other instruments designed to assess attention. CCTT scores also have been found to be sensitive indicators of the cognitive impairment associated with various neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Note: Form K is the standard test form for which normative data were collected and should be used for clinical evaluation. Forms X, Y, and Z should be used in research.

Stopwatch is required for administration.